<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
	xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"
	>

<channel>
	<title>searchingalpha.com &#187; Uncategorized</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.searchingalpha.com/category/uncategorized/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.searchingalpha.com</link>
	<description>Risk controll, Performance measurement and attribution</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Tue, 09 Feb 2010 12:30:03 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<language>en</language>
	<sy:updatePeriod>hourly</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=3.0.1</generator>
		<item>
		<title>CESR&#8217;s guidelines concerning eligible assets for investment by UCITS</title>
		<link>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/02/09/cesrs-guidelines-concerning-eligible-assets-for-investment-by-ucits/</link>
		<comments>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/02/09/cesrs-guidelines-concerning-eligible-assets-for-investment-by-ucits/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Feb 2010 12:24:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Martin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.searchingalpha.com/?p=218</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[CESR&#8217;s guidelines concerning eligible assets for investment by UCITS CESR&#8217;s guidelines concerning eligible assets for investment by UCITS-The classification of hedge fund indices as financial indices]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="tweetmeme_button" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px;">
			<a href="http://api.tweetmeme.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2010%2F02%2F09%2Fcesrs-guidelines-concerning-eligible-assets-for-investment-by-ucits%2F"><br />
				<img src="http://api.tweetmeme.com/imagebutton.gif?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2010%2F02%2F09%2Fcesrs-guidelines-concerning-eligible-assets-for-investment-by-ucits%2F&amp;source=brokerbase&amp;style=compact" height="61" width="50" /><br />
			</a>
		</div>
<p><a href='http://www.searchingalpha.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/CESRs-guidelines-concerning-eligible-assets-for-investment-by-UCITS.pdf'>CESR&#8217;s guidelines concerning eligible assets for investment by UCITS</a><br />
<a href='http://www.searchingalpha.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/CESRs-guidelines-concerning-eligible-assets-for-investment-by-UCITS-The-classification-of-hedge-fund-indices-as-financial-indices.pdf'>CESR&#8217;s guidelines concerning eligible assets for investment by UCITS-The classification of hedge fund indices as financial indices</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/02/09/cesrs-guidelines-concerning-eligible-assets-for-investment-by-ucits/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>BIS &#8211; Supervisory guidance for assessing banks’ financial instrument fair value practices</title>
		<link>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/02/09/bis-supervisory-guidance-for-assessing-banks-financial-instrument-fair-value-practices/</link>
		<comments>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/02/09/bis-supervisory-guidance-for-assessing-banks-financial-instrument-fair-value-practices/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Feb 2010 11:03:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Martin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.searchingalpha.com/?p=215</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[BIS &#8211; Supervisory Guidance for Assessing Banks&#8217; Financial Instrument Fair Value Practices]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="tweetmeme_button" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px;">
			<a href="http://api.tweetmeme.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2010%2F02%2F09%2Fbis-supervisory-guidance-for-assessing-banks-financial-instrument-fair-value-practices%2F"><br />
				<img src="http://api.tweetmeme.com/imagebutton.gif?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2010%2F02%2F09%2Fbis-supervisory-guidance-for-assessing-banks-financial-instrument-fair-value-practices%2F&amp;source=brokerbase&amp;style=compact" height="61" width="50" /><br />
			</a>
		</div>
<p><a href='http://www.searchingalpha.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/BIS-Supervisory-Guidance-for-Assessing-Banks-Financial-Instrument-Fair-Value-Practices.pdf'>BIS &#8211; Supervisory Guidance for Assessing Banks&#8217; Financial Instrument Fair Value Practices</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/02/09/bis-supervisory-guidance-for-assessing-banks-financial-instrument-fair-value-practices/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>A3S45FXNSDFT</title>
		<link>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/02/04/a3s45fxnsdft/</link>
		<comments>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/02/04/a3s45fxnsdft/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Feb 2010 13:51:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Martin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/02/04/a3s45fxnsdft/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/02/04/a3s45fxnsdft/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Hedging Lufthansa Treibstoffkosten</title>
		<link>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/01/12/hedging-lufthansa-treibstoffkosten/</link>
		<comments>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/01/12/hedging-lufthansa-treibstoffkosten/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Jan 2010 13:16:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Martin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Dynamic Hedging]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.searchingalpha.com/?p=209</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Der j&#228;hrliche Treibstoffverbrauch des Lufthansa Konzerns lag im Gesch&#228;ftsjahr 2008 bei etwa 7,9 Millionen Tonnen Kerosin. Er stellt f&#252;r den Lufthansa Konzern eine wesentliche Aufwandsposition dar. Starke Ver&#228;nderungen der Treibstoffpreise k&#246;nnen somit das betriebliche Ergebnis erheblich beeinflussen. Lufthansa setzt deswegen eine regelbasierte Treibstoffpreis-Sicherung mit einem Zeithorizont von 24 Monaten ein. Ziel ist es, die Schwankungen [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="tweetmeme_button" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px;">
			<a href="http://api.tweetmeme.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2010%2F01%2F12%2Fhedging-lufthansa-treibstoffkosten%2F"><br />
				<img src="http://api.tweetmeme.com/imagebutton.gif?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2010%2F01%2F12%2Fhedging-lufthansa-treibstoffkosten%2F&amp;source=brokerbase&amp;style=compact" height="61" width="50" /><br />
			</a>
		</div>
<p>Der j&#228;hrliche Treibstoffverbrauch des Lufthansa Konzerns lag im Gesch&#228;ftsjahr 2008 bei etwa 7,9 Millionen Tonnen Kerosin. Er stellt f&#252;r den Lufthansa Konzern eine wesentliche Aufwandsposition dar. Starke Ver&#228;nderungen der Treibstoffpreise k&#246;nnen somit das betriebliche Ergebnis erheblich beeinflussen. Lufthansa setzt deswegen eine regelbasierte Treibstoffpreis-Sicherung mit einem Zeithorizont von 24 Monaten ein. Ziel ist es, die Schwankungen der Treibstoffpreise zu verringern. Die Sicherungen erfolgen &#252;berwiegend in Roh&#246;l, nach M&#246;glichkeit erg&#228;nzt um die Preisdifferenz Kerosin zu Roh&#246;l.</p>
<p>Bei der Treibstoffabsicherung bedient sich Lufthansa der &#252;blichen Marktinstrumentarien wie Terminkontrakten und Optionen. Lufthansa sichert mit einem Vorlauf von 24 Monaten jeweils monatlich 4,8 Prozent der geplanten Menge in Brent-Collars bis zu einem Sicherungsgrad von 85 Prozent. Den Sicherungsgesch&#228;ften liegt also eine feste Regel zugrunde, sie bilden somit einen Durchschnittskurs der Roh&#246;lpreise ab. Die auf einen Zeitpunkt folgenden sechs Monate sind daher zu 85 Prozent gesichert.</p>
<p>Als erg&#228;nzende Ma&#223;nahme zur Risikoreduktion hat sich der Treibstoffzuschlag im Markt etabliert. Es ist jedoch ungewiss, in welchem Umfang sich der Zuschlag je nach Entwicklung der Treibstoffpreise und des konjunkturellen Umfeldes durchsetzen l&#228;sst.</p>
<p>Folgende Grafik stellt den Treibstoffaufwand nach Hedging unter Annahme verschiedener &#214;lpreisszenarien dar.</p>
<p>&#214;lpreisszenario Lufthansa Konzern<br />
Stand 11. M&#228;rz 2009</p>
<p><a href="http://www.searchingalpha.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/LH-oelpreisszenario-2009_011.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-210" title="LH-eigenkapitalquote-2008-d" src="http://www.searchingalpha.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/LH-oelpreisszenario-2009_011-300x180.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="180" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://investor-relations.lufthansa.com/finanzierung-und-cr/hedging.html">Quelle Lufthansa</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/01/12/hedging-lufthansa-treibstoffkosten/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Tokyo bourse to launch high-speed trading system</title>
		<link>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/01/03/tokyo-bourse-to-launch-high-speed-trading-system/</link>
		<comments>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/01/03/tokyo-bourse-to-launch-high-speed-trading-system/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 03 Jan 2010 16:42:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Martin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/01/03/tokyo-bourse-to-launch-high-speed-trading-system/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Tokyo Stock Exchange to pick up speed with new trading system in 2010 The Tokyo Stock Exchange will launch a new high-speed trading system Monday, scrapping an antiquated, glitch-prone platform for one that aims to compete with major global rivals. &#8211; which can process trades in five milliseconds. That is 600 times faster than the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="tweetmeme_button" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px;">
			<a href="http://api.tweetmeme.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2010%2F01%2F03%2Ftokyo-bourse-to-launch-high-speed-trading-system%2F"><br />
				<img src="http://api.tweetmeme.com/imagebutton.gif?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2010%2F01%2F03%2Ftokyo-bourse-to-launch-high-speed-trading-system%2F&amp;source=brokerbase&amp;style=compact" height="61" width="50" /><br />
			</a>
		</div>
<p><a href="http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Tokyo-bourse-to-launch-apf-2192728905.html?x=0&amp;sec=topStories&amp;pos=2&amp;asset=&amp;ccode=">Tokyo Stock Exchange to pick up speed with new trading system in 2010</a></p>
<p>The Tokyo Stock Exchange will launch a new high-speed trading system Monday, scrapping an antiquated, glitch-prone platform for one that aims to compete with major global rivals.<br />
&#8211;<br />
which can process trades in five milliseconds. That is 600 times faster than the two to three-seconds required until now, and roughly on par with its counterparts in New York and London.<br />
&#8211;<br />
With the upgrade, the exchange hopes to lure traders who use automated computer programs to make rapid and frequent transactions. <a href="http://www.highfrequencytrading.de/">Algorithmic trading, commonly used by institutional investors like pension funds, accounts for the majority of equity trading in the U.S. and Europe but has been slow to catch on in Asia.</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2010/01/03/tokyo-bourse-to-launch-high-speed-trading-system/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Rollproblematik bei &#214;linvestments</title>
		<link>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2009/12/19/rollproblematik-bei-olinvestments/</link>
		<comments>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2009/12/19/rollproblematik-bei-olinvestments/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 19 Dec 2009 17:58:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Martin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.searchingalpha.com/?p=204</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Aber selbst steigende &#214;lpreise sind keine Garantie daf&#252;r, dass bei den Anlegern auch die Kasse klingelt. So entwickelten sich in der Vergangenheit viele Partizipationszertifikate bei steigenden Notierungen an den Kassam&#228;rkten meist lange nicht so gut, wie es auf den ersten Blick zu erwarten gewesen w&#228;re. R&#252;ckschl&#228;ge machten sie dagegen ungebremst mit. Erkl&#228;ren l&#228;sst sich dieser [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="tweetmeme_button" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px;">
			<a href="http://api.tweetmeme.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2009%2F12%2F19%2Frollproblematik-bei-olinvestments%2F"><br />
				<img src="http://api.tweetmeme.com/imagebutton.gif?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2009%2F12%2F19%2Frollproblematik-bei-olinvestments%2F&amp;source=brokerbase&amp;style=compact" height="61" width="50" /><br />
			</a>
		</div>
<p>Aber selbst steigende &#214;lpreise sind keine Garantie daf&#252;r, dass bei den Anlegern auch die Kasse klingelt. So entwickelten sich in der Vergangenheit viele Partizipationszertifikate bei steigenden Notierungen an den Kassam&#228;rkten meist lange nicht so gut, wie es auf den ersten Blick zu erwarten gewesen w&#228;re. R&#252;ckschl&#228;ge machten sie dagegen ungebremst mit.<br />
Erkl&#228;ren l&#228;sst sich dieser f&#252;r Investoren &#228;u&#223;erst unbefriedigende Effekt mit dem strukturellen Konzept der Produkte. Statt direkt von der Preisentwicklung des &#214;ls h&#228;ngt der Kursverlauf endlos laufender Derivate in der Regel von der Wertentwicklung entsprechender Futures-Kontrakte mit verh&#228;ltnism&#228;&#223;ig kurzer Restlaufzeit ab. Diese Kontrakte m&#252;ssen aufgrund des kontinuierlich n&#228;her r&#252;ckenden F&#228;lligkeitstermins jedoch regelm&#228;&#223;ig in neue Kontrakte mit l&#228;ngerer Restlaufzeit gerollt werden.<br />
Meist notieren die neuen Futures aber deutlich &#252;ber dem aktuellen &#214;lpreis, was im Fachjargon auch als Contango-Situation bezeichnet wird. Bei jedem Wechsel in den n&#228;chsten Kontrakt entsteht damit ein Rollverlust.<span id="more-204"></span><br />
So verlegt Goldman Sachs bei seinem S&#038;P GSCI Crude Oil A1 Strategy Index den Rolltermin beispielsweise einige Tage nach vorne und schichtet schon zwischen dem ersten und f&#252;nften Handelstag eines Monats in den n&#228;chst f&#228;lligen Kontrakt um. Bei der gro&#223;en Masse der Finanzprodukte wird dagegen zwischen dem f&#252;nften und dem neunten Handelstag eines Monats gerollt. In diesem Zeitraum kommt es deshalb zu erh&#246;htem Verkaufsdruck auf den f&#228;llig werdenden Future und zu steigender Nachfrage beim folgenden.<br />
Hinzu kommt eine Modifizierung des Rollverfahrens. Besteht zum n&#228;chst l&#228;ngeren Kontrakt ein Preisaufschlag von mehr als 0,5 Prozent, wird nicht in diesen, sondern in den sechstn&#228;chsten und somit in einen flacheren Bereich der Kurve gerollt. Vorgenommen wird der Vergleich in jedem Monat erneut, sodass bei einem Abflachen der Kurve im vorderen Bereich ein Wechsel zur&#252;ck in den sogenannten Frontend-Future zeitnah m&#246;glich ist. Bei nach wie vor gegebener Contango-Situation w&#228;ren in diesem Fall sogar Rollgewinne m&#246;glich.<br />
Schon etwas &#228;lter sind die Optimierungskonzepte der Royal Bank of Scotland und der UBS. Auch die Schotten weichen vom herk&#246;mmlichen Rollschema ab. So wird bei den als Basiswerte verwendeten RICI Enhanced Crude Oil TR Indizes jeweils ein individueller Rollkalender erstellt. Auf diese Weise h&#228;tten sich in der Vergangenheit &#8220;substanziell bessere Renditen als bei herk&#246;mmlichen &#214;l-Finanzprodukten&#8221; erzielen lassen, wie es in der zugeh&#246;rigen Brosch&#252;re hei&#223;t. N&#228;here Details zum Rollkalender werden jedoch nicht verraten.<br />
Die Schweizer setzten bei ihren in Zusammenarbeit mit Bloomberg entwickelten CMCI Indizes dagegen auf eine Mischung unterschiedlicher Fristigkeiten. Die F&#228;lligkeit der Futures kann dabei bis zu drei Jahre betragen. Zumindest ein Teil von ihnen ist somit relativ weit hinten, und damit an einer verh&#228;ltnism&#228;&#223;ig flachen Stelle auf der Terminmarktkurve angesiedelt.<br />
Zudem wird die abnehmende Restlaufzeit der einzelnen Kontrakte t&#228;glich mit Neuk&#228;ufen kompensiert, sodass die durchschnittliche Restlaufzeit konstant bleibt. Das jeweils bewegte Volumen f&#228;llt damit sehr gering aus.<br />
Einen ganz anderen Weg geht Vontobel mit dem im Mai dieses Jahres aufgelegten Oil-Strategy-Index. Liegt an den M&#228;rkten eine Backwardation-Situation vor, notieren die n&#228;chst l&#228;ngeren Futures somit unter dem Kassapreis, bildet der Index die Wertentwicklung von Futures-Kontrakten auf die US-&#214;lsorte WTI ab.<br />
In Contango-Phasen investiert der Index dagegen in einen Korb mit den zehn gr&#246;&#223;ten nordamerikanischen Unternehmen der &#214;lindustrie.<br />
<a href="http://www.ftd.de/finanzen/investmentfonds/:derivate-oelinvestments-ohne-grosse-blessuren/50051205.html">Quelle FTD.de</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2009/12/19/rollproblematik-bei-olinvestments/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Making good use of economic development finance tools.</title>
		<link>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2009/11/23/making-good-use-of-economic-development-finance-tools/</link>
		<comments>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2009/11/23/making-good-use-of-economic-development-finance-tools/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Nov 2009 21:13:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Martin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.searchingalpha.com/?p=196</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Many local governments place a high priority on creating and developing a healthy community that promotes economic growth, creates jobs, and attracts business and citizens to the area. Alternately, others might emphasize retaining existing industries and maintaining an attractive workforce. Whatever their specific goals, governments must make use of development finance, an approach intended to [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="tweetmeme_button" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px;">
			<a href="http://api.tweetmeme.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2009%2F11%2F23%2Fmaking-good-use-of-economic-development-finance-tools%2F"><br />
				<img src="http://api.tweetmeme.com/imagebutton.gif?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2009%2F11%2F23%2Fmaking-good-use-of-economic-development-finance-tools%2F&amp;source=brokerbase&amp;style=compact" height="61" width="50" /><br />
			</a>
		</div>
<p>Many local governments place a high priority on creating and developing a healthy community that promotes economic growth, creates jobs, and attracts business and citizens to the area. Alternately, others might emphasize retaining existing industries and maintaining an attractive workforce. Whatever their specific goals, governments must make use of development finance, an approach intended to assist economic development projects by using public resources to support private-sector investment. In Practitioner&#8217;s Guide to Economic Development Finance: Building and Utilizing the Development Finance Toolbox, author Toby Rittner explains options and tools governments might have at their disposal to help them achieve their economic development goals. </p>
<p>Finance directors who plan to use development finance effectively need a thorough understanding of all the tools, techniques, programs, and other resources that are available. These may include loans, equity tax abatements, tax credits, the offer of a guarantee, collateral or some other form of credit enhancement, gap financing, remediation of environmental concerns, incentives, and grants. Ritter explains that development finance is a complex undertaking that requires a considerable amount of knowledge and training. Development finance employs many tools, but education is the key to making them more effective. Success can be achieved by educating staff and leadership. </p>
<p>TOOLKIT OVERVIEW </p>
<p>This book starts educating readers by breaking down the many kinds of financing into categories of tools and the types of challenge each tool is most effective at addressing. The book explores options within each category. Having achieved an understanding of the options that are available, finance directors can then do additional research to further expand their understanding of development finance. </p>
<p>The author identifies five practice areas and then pulls together various types of financing that are likely to be useful in each area: </p>
<p>* &#8220;Bedrock tools&#8221;&#8211;bonds&#8211;work with government projects, established industry and development and redevelopment. </p>
<p>* &#8220;Targeted tools&#8221;&#8211;tax increment finance, special assessment districts, government districts, and project-specific district financing&#8211;work with established industry and development and redevelopment. </p>
<p>* &#8220;Investment tools&#8221;&#8211;tax credits, seed and venture capital, and angel funds&#8211;work with established industry development and redevelopment, small business and microenterprises, and entrepreneurs. </p>
<p>* &#8220;Access to Capital Lending Tools&#8221;&#8211;revolving loan funds, mezzanine funds, loan guarantees, and microenterprise finance&#8211;work with small business and microenterprises, and entrepreneurs. </p>
<p>* &#8220;Support tools&#8221;&#8211;federal economic development programs and tax abatements&#8211;work with all five practice areas.<br />
<span id="more-196"></span><br />
Practice Area I : Bedrock Tools. To understand development finance, finance directors must understand bond finance. Bonds have been used to build all types of local government infrastructure&#8211;roads, bridges, schools, libraries, and many other projects. While commonly used, bond financing can be complex and requires considerable oversight, often by external professionals. This section of the book explains options that exist for governmental bonds and qualified (tax exempt) private activity bonds. Rittner touches on many types of private activity bonds, including: small issue industrial development bonds, qualified redevelopment bonds, qualified mortgage bonds, new clean renewable energy bonds, and qualified zone academy bonds. This section also includes a discussion on strategies that have been effective in taking advantage of bond financing, including mini bond programs and bond banks. </p>
<p>Practice Area 2-Targeted Tools. Targeted financing tools provide direct incentives, tax rebates, credits, or other unique financing structures to a specific geographic area. This form of finance, which includes tax increment financing districts and special assessment district financing, represents the fastest-growing area of development finance. These tools attempt to do one of two things: generate new taxes and use the future revenues to create incentives and pay for current growth, or allow business to set special tax assessments and use the collective funds to make improvements that benefit the area. Every state has different rules governing the use of tax increment financing districts or special assessment district financing, and these tools can be quite complex. But they are also quite popular and effective for certain types of projects, as they arguably don&#8217;t commit current governmental funds. </p>
<p>Practice Area 3: Investment Tools. Investment tools, or programs that provide direct funding to private-sector entities to catalyze investment, have become increasingly popular over the past 20 years. Programs such as tax credits, seed and venture capital, and angel funds can make a significant difference in encouraging economic development. In this section, Ritter explains how tax credits can be used, and he identities common misconceptions regarding the use of tax credits. In addition, common federal tax credit programs such as the Historic Preservation Tax Incentives Program, Federal Brownfield Tax Incentive, New Markets Tax Credits, and Low Income Housing Tax Credits are explained. </p>
<p>Practice Area 4-Access to Capital Lending Tools. As the economic events of late 2008 have proven, access to capital is critical for business of all sizes to be successful. This section of the book explains economic development finance options that governments have in providing access to capital for both large and small firms. Examples include revolving loan funds, mezzanine finance, loan guarantees, and microenterprise financing. While these tools are complex, partnerships with private institutions can help with managing programs. </p>
<p>Practice Area 5: Support Tools. Support tools are generally more flexible and less complex than other tools discussed in this book, and they can coexist with many of the other tools across the four other practice areas. Finance directors should be aware of these tools, where they exist, because they can be combined with other methods of development finance to help achieve goals. Examples of support tools include: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development grant programs such as the Community Development Block Grant Program, Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program, and the Disaster Recovery Assistance Program; Economic Development Administration grant and revolving loan funds; the U.S. Department of the Treasury Fund Programs; and U.S. Department of Agriculture programs. </p>
<p>Many governments have been successful at implementing pieces of the toolbox, and the book presents ten case studies from around the United State. These examples show that a number of options worked in various situations. </p>
<p>CONCLUSIONS </p>
<p>While A Practitioner&#8217;s Guide to Economic Development Finance ultimately advocates for the use of these financing tools to encourage economic development, finance professionals will want to use them carefully, balancing the inherent public risk with the potential reward. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that economic development strategies are aligned with the overall preferences of the community. An essential strategy, therefore, is to define specific outcome goals and performance measures. These will enable the government to gauge each program&#8217;s effectiveness, hold programs accountable, and allow the government to refine its approach and learn from past experiences.As Rittner points out,economic development professionals have one of the most difficult jobs in local governments, but they must still be held responsible for results. </p>
<p>Development finance will be competing for limited funding with other key areas of government such as public safety, public health, parks and recreation, especially in the current financial environment. With this in mind, it becomes critical for finance directors to fully understand the options that are available to them and to be able to communicate the risks, potential rewards, and actual results effectively to staff, elected officials, and the community. </p>
<p>MICHAEL J. MUCHA is a senior consultant/analyst in the GFOA&#8217;s Research and Consulting Center in Chicago, Illinois.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2009/11/23/making-good-use-of-economic-development-finance-tools/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>S&amp;P: Kapitalausstattung der Banken ist noch nicht ausreichend</title>
		<link>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2009/11/23/sp-kapitalausstattung-der-banken-ist-noch-nicht-ausreichend/</link>
		<comments>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2009/11/23/sp-kapitalausstattung-der-banken-ist-noch-nicht-ausreichend/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Nov 2009 14:21:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Martin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.searchingalpha.com/?p=194</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Die durchschnittliche, risikobereinigte Eigenkapitalquote der von S&#38;P gepr&#252;ften gro&#223;en, internationalen Banken habe zum Stichtag 30. Juni lediglich bei 6,7% gelegen. Diese liege damit mehr als 3 Prozentpunkte unter den durchschnittlichen Kernkapitalquoten (Tier 1). Damit sieht sich Ratingagentur in ihrer Ansicht best&#228;tigt, dass die Kapitalausstattung &#8220;f&#252;r die Mehrheit der Banken in unserer Stichprobe noch immer ein [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="tweetmeme_button" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px;">
			<a href="http://api.tweetmeme.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2009%2F11%2F23%2Fsp-kapitalausstattung-der-banken-ist-noch-nicht-ausreichend%2F"><br />
				<img src="http://api.tweetmeme.com/imagebutton.gif?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2009%2F11%2F23%2Fsp-kapitalausstattung-der-banken-ist-noch-nicht-ausreichend%2F&amp;source=brokerbase&amp;style=compact" height="61" width="50" /><br />
			</a>
		</div>
<p>Die durchschnittliche, risikobereinigte Eigenkapitalquote der von S&amp;P gepr&#252;ften gro&#223;en, internationalen Banken habe zum Stichtag 30. Juni lediglich bei 6,7% gelegen. Diese liege damit mehr als 3 Prozentpunkte unter den durchschnittlichen Kernkapitalquoten (Tier 1). Damit sieht sich Ratingagentur in ihrer Ansicht best&#228;tigt, dass die Kapitalausstattung &#8220;f&#252;r die Mehrheit der Banken in unserer Stichprobe noch immer ein neutraler bis negativer Ratingfaktor ist.&#8221;<br />
Die nach diesen Kriterien am meisten gef&#228;hrdete Bank sei die japanische Mizuho Financial Group Inc, mit einer gesch&#228;tzten risikobereinigten Eigenkapitalquote von nur 2%. Das st&#228;rkste Institut sei dagegen die HSBC Holdings plc mit einer gesch&#228;tzten Quote von 9,2%. Um den Stress-Test nach Ma&#223;gabe von S&amp;P vollst&#228;ndig zu bestehen, m&#252;ssen die Banken eine risikobereinigtes Eigenkapitalquote von mindestens 8% besitzen, so S&amp;P weiter.<span id="more-194"></span><br />
Zu den unteren 40% Banken nach Ma&#223;gabe von S&amp;P geh&#246;ren au&#223;erdem die Bank of America Corp, die Deutsche Bank AG und die Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria SA sowie UBS und Citigroup. Zu den starken Banken z&#228;hlten hingegen die DBS Bank Ltd, ING Bank NV und Goldman Sachs Group Inc.<br />
In der Studie kritisierte S&amp;P die &#252;blichen Messgr&#246;&#223;en f&#252;r die Bewertung der Stabilit&#228;t von Banken. Beispielsweise w&#252;rden Kernkapitalquoten und Hebelverh&#228;ltnisse (leverage ratio) nicht einheitlich berechnet oder seien nicht risikobereinigt, so die Ratingagentur.<br />
Webseite: www.standardandpoors.com</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2009/11/23/sp-kapitalausstattung-der-banken-ist-noch-nicht-ausreichend/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Implied U.S. Treasury and Interest Rate Swap Spreads</title>
		<link>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2009/11/23/implied-u-s-treasury-and-interest-rate-swap-spreads/</link>
		<comments>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2009/11/23/implied-u-s-treasury-and-interest-rate-swap-spreads/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Nov 2009 12:49:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Martin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.searchingalpha.com/?p=192</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Implied U.S. Treasury and Interest Rate Swap Spreads]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="tweetmeme_button" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px;">
			<a href="http://api.tweetmeme.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2009%2F11%2F23%2Fimplied-u-s-treasury-and-interest-rate-swap-spreads%2F"><br />
				<img src="http://api.tweetmeme.com/imagebutton.gif?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2009%2F11%2F23%2Fimplied-u-s-treasury-and-interest-rate-swap-spreads%2F&amp;source=brokerbase&amp;style=compact" height="61" width="50" /><br />
			</a>
		</div>
<p><a href="http://www.cmegroup.com/trading/interest-rates/files/ICS_Ratios__March_2010_Contracts.pdf">Implied U.S. Treasury and Interest Rate Swap Spreads</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2009/11/23/implied-u-s-treasury-and-interest-rate-swap-spreads/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Will stimulus withdrawal lead to another recession?</title>
		<link>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2009/11/18/will-stimulus-withdrawal-lead-to-another-recession/</link>
		<comments>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2009/11/18/will-stimulus-withdrawal-lead-to-another-recession/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 11:47:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Martin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.searchingalpha.com/?p=191</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Risk Briefing&#8217;s risk scenarios are potential developments that might substantially change the business operating environment over the coming two years. We analyse the drivers, provide the context and conclude with recommended action. The following scenario has been added at the latest country update. MACROECONOMIC RISK The US experiences a second recession as stimulus is withdrawn [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="tweetmeme_button" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px;">
			<a href="http://api.tweetmeme.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2009%2F11%2F18%2Fwill-stimulus-withdrawal-lead-to-another-recession%2F"><br />
				<img src="http://api.tweetmeme.com/imagebutton.gif?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchingalpha.com%2F2009%2F11%2F18%2Fwill-stimulus-withdrawal-lead-to-another-recession%2F&amp;source=brokerbase&amp;style=compact" height="61" width="50" /><br />
			</a>
		</div>
<p>Risk Briefing&#8217;s risk scenarios are potential developments that might substantially change the business operating environment over the coming two years. We analyse the drivers, provide the context and conclude with recommended action. The following scenario has been added at the latest country update.</p>
<p>MACROECONOMIC RISK</p>
<p>The US experiences a second recession as stimulus is withdrawn</p>
<p>High probability; V High impact; Risk intensity = 20<br />
<span id="more-191"></span><br />
The decline in GDP has come to an end in the third quarter of 2009, and a recovery is now clearly on the way. The main concern is that the recovery is largely driven by the massive monetary and fiscal stimulus. Given the dramatic deterioration of public finances, further stimulus beyond what is already approved will be difficult to provide politically and financially. This means that fiscal stimulus is almost certain to be removed from 2011 onwards, although the decline of stimulus may be dampened somewhat by new measures. At the same time, monetary stimulus is ineffective during periods of financial strain&#8211;it merely helps to stabilise the financial sector. Our main forecast assumes that private sector demand will gather sufficient momentum so that stimulus withdrawal will only lead to a slowdown in GDP growth but the risk of a renewed fall into recession is high, given that household finances remain stretched. This means that companies need to prepare for a renewed recession, not least by avoiding to extrapolate the most recent trends in economic data.</p>
<p>SOURCE: Risk Briefing</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.searchingalpha.com/2009/11/18/will-stimulus-withdrawal-lead-to-another-recession/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
